Electric controlling apparatus



y 1932- H. K. KOUYOUMJIAN 1,860,543

ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS Filed Sept. 8,1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 y 9 1932 K. KOUYOUMJEAN 9 5 ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS Filed Sept. 8, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 gwvemioz $1 ,544 awe/WM May 31, H, K KOUYOUMJIAN ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS Filed Sept. 8, 1950 a Sheets-Sheet s Patented May- 31, 1932 UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE HAROUTIUN K. KOUYOUMJIATN', F PROVIDE TOE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO WARD LEONARD ELECTRIC COMPANY,

A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS Applieation filedl September .5 of variations of voltage in the supply line;

and more particularly to such regulators or transformers supplying a variable load.

The present invention is an improvement over the inventions disclosed in my prior pendi'n applications Serial Number 306,259,

filed eptember 15, 1928, Serial Number 344,333,.filed March 5, 1929, and Serial Number 404,537, filed November 4, 1929.- In the latter application, I disclosed improved means for maintaining the output voltage constant regardless of variations in the load, as well as in the supply voltage. lhe present invention relates particularly to such type of apparatus, but also includes additional controlling means and improved method of control for maintaining the output voltage com stant under Variable load, even when the frequency of the supply circuit varies, as well as the voltage of the supply circuit.

Thus, the main object of the present invention is to provide improved controlling apparatus for maintaining the output voltage con-. stant, or in such a way as may be desired, regardless of changes in frequency of the alternating current source, under varying load conditions, and also under variable voltage of the supply line; A. further object is to obtain these results by a simple and inexpensive form of construction, and which'will also be durable and dependable. Other objects and advantages of this invention will be understood by those skilled in the art from the fol-v lowing description and accompanying drawin s.

%ig. 1 is a diagram showing one preferred embodiment of the invention; and Figs. 2 to 6 are similar diagrams illustrating modifications.

Referring to Fig. l, the laminated iron, or steel, core is shown as having four legs 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d. The legs are joined together at their upper and lower ends by cross-pieces 2a and 2b. Ordinarily, the cross-sections of the different parts of the core will be about the 8, 1930. Serial No. 480,286.

purposes, the cross-sections of the different parts may be modified relatively to each other. It will alsobe understood that instead of the core being made of the form indi-- cated in the drawings, it may have various other conformations such, for example, as those disclosed in my said prior applications. The inner legs of the core carry a number of windings indicated diagrammatically, but it will beunderstood that the number ofturns of the difierent windings Will be made such as the particular conditions require, and that the location of the windings may be modified from that indicated, and that some of the windings instead of being superimposed with reference to each other, may be located side byside, or may be more or less distributed or sandwiched with each other to meet particular requirements. The main, or primary, exciting winding 3 is shown as enveloping the end portions of the two inner legs. Another winding ais, in F ig. 1, shown envelopingthe other end portions of the two inner legs and forms a closed circuit on. itsel; for the passage of alternating current through the condenser 5, indicated as adjustable. Also, in series with this winding 4 is an adjustable resistance 5a, and an adjustable choke, orinductive, device 56. This circuit, according to the present invention, is tuned, ormade resonant, over-a range of frequencies delivered by the source of supply, so that when the frequency varies, the inductive effect thereof upon the circuit of the winding l will not be materially affected by such change in frequency. For example, in the usual commercial installation of a cycle system, the frequency varies from about 58 to 62 cycles. In. such a case, the devices 5, 5a and 5?) will be adjusted so that change of frequency over this range shallhave no material effect on this circuit, and for that purpose the circuit must have suficient resistance, either in the winding itself, or in an auxiliary device-such as 50:, to secure a broad band tuning over the limits required, the adjustable capacitive and in ductive devices 5 and 5?) being used to secure proper resonance by the use of either one of these devices, or both, when necessary. In

the example referred to, the circuit will be shown connected in series with the main exciting winding to the alternating current source of supply 7. The secondary, or output, winding 8 is shown in Fig. 1 as enveloping a portion of the leg 10 and supplies a translating device 9 in the consumption circuit. This device may be any form of translating device. In some cases, the main exciting winding 3 and the bucking winding 6 may be connected in parallel with each other across the supply line, but ordinarily the series connection has important advantages.

The cross-section of leg 16 and the ampere turns of the windings enveloping this leg are such that, under normal conditions, this part of the core is worked near, or ust below, the knee of the saturation curve, although in some cases, for particular requirements, this core may be normally worked at a different part of "the saturation curve. The cross-section of the straight part of the saturation curve, according to the results desired. I

V The operation in a general way may be understood by assuming the supply voltage and output voltage to be at normal amounts, and by assuming that the load remains fixed. Under these conditions, the ratio of the out: put voltage to the supply voltage will depend upon the relative number of turns in the different windings. The winding 4, by reason of having the condenser 5 of proper capacity in its circuit, carries an induced leading current and therefore acts cumulatively in the excitation of the core with the main exciting winding 3.

Now assume that the supply voltage falls to an. abnormally low amount. There are two main factors which tend to offset the' drop in voltage. of the output circuit which would ordinarily occur. One factor is that although the main exciting winding 3 would cumulatively acting winding 4 becomes more efiective upon decrease of the supply voltage by reason of its leading cur" rent being increased. This is due to the fact that the leg 16 being at, or near, saturation under normal conditions of supply voltage, the winding t has less inductance and carries less current than when the leg lb is somewhat below saturation. Thus the greater induced current in the cumulatively acting winding 4: upon decrease of supply voltage, together with the action due to the bucking coil 6, ofi'sets the tendency toward reduced resultant excitation of the leg 10, within the secondary, or output, coil 8, with the result that the output circuit is subjected to substantially the same flux change as before the decrease in the supply voltage, resulting in the output voltage being maintained constant or approximately constant. Similarly, when the supply voltage increases above the normal amount, the bucking winding 6 does, of course, have an increased bucking eifect tending to hold the magnetization of the leg 10 down and, by reason of the leg 16 being carried to saturation, or near saturation, by the increased effect of the main winding 3, the inductance in the cumulatively acting winding 4 becomes less, causing less current to be induced in this winding, resulting in a reduction in the cummulative excitation. Thus the leg 10 carrying the output winding 8 is caused to have substantially the same magnetization as before the increase of voltage, resulting in the output voltage remaining constant or approximatey constant. In fact, if desired, the output voltage could be caused to decrease upon increase in supply voltage and vice versa, by proper relation of the turns in the different windings and capacity of the condenser 5.

An important advantage of this type is that i the efficiency of the regulator and transformer remains approximately constant under wide variations in the supply voltage, because upon increase in supply voltage, the current taken from the line correspondingly decreases and vice versa.

For the purpose of maintaining the voltage of the output circuit constant or approximately constant under extreme changes of load, the leg 1?) should be normally worked just below saturation. Assuming the load to ,be increased, there of course results an increased current in the main exciting winding 3 and in the bucking winding, and if it were not for the winding 4, the voltage of the output circuit would drop with increased load. The increase in the primary winding 3, however, causes an increased inductance in the winding 4, owing to the leg 11) being below saturation. The resultant increase in current in the cumulatively acting winding 4 tends to counteract the drop in voltage of the output circuit, which would otherwise occur. In fact, by causing the cumulatively acting stant or approximately constant under variable load, or controlled as desired. It will be understood that the leg 1?) should normally 'be below saturation'for obtaining the'best results in maintaining the ouput voltage ap proximately constant under variable load. whereas for the-purpose of maintaining the output. voltage constant or approximately constant over extreme variations of supply voltage, the leg 16 should be at, or near,

saturation, under normal conditions. Thus,

the proportion of the parts and the relationship of the windings should be made such as to suit the particular conditions required.

1 For example, if it is be desired to maintain the output voltage constant over extreme variations of supply voltage and over extreme variations in load, a compromise excitation of the leg 1?) under normal conditions should be selected; but-if the load remains approxivmately constant and it is particularly desired to offset extreme variations in the supply voltage, then the normal excitation of the leg 11) should be at, or near, saturation; but if the supply voltage does not vary greatly, and it is particularly desired tomaintain a constant or approximately constant output voltage with increase in load, then the leg 1?) should normally be excited below saturation.

Now, as regards change in frequency of the source, a change in frequency, regardless of other varying conditions, would cause the current induced in the winding 4 to be modified to some value other than that required for maintaining the output voltage constant,

.or at the particular value desired. However,

by reason of the fact that the circuit of the windlng 4 is tuned over a broad band, extend ng over the variations in frequency of the source, it results that no matter how other i conditions may vary, the change in frequency will have no material effect upon the output voltage. Thus, by the present invention, my regulator, or transformer, is improved so that in addition to the other desirable results ob- (Although in Fig. 1,'the cumulative winding 4 carrying a leading current is shown enwinding in two coils, one envelopingthe leg" veloping both legslb and 10, it will ordinarily be desirable in practice to form this 16 and the other enveloping the leg 10 and connect the coils in series with each other and i with the broad band tuning device, or devices, the direction of turns, however, being such as to tend to magnetize the two legs in a common direction, that is, in the same direction as when a single winding envelops both legs, as indicated in Fig. 1.

In some cases, the cumulatively exciting winding 4 instead of enveloping both legs, mayenvelop only one leg, such as the leg 1?), as shown in Fig. 2, Where the winding 4a in series with the broad band tuning device, or devices, serves as the cumulatively acting winding carrying the leading current. Although enveloping a .single leg with this winding is less expensive, yet the refinement of control is not then as high, ordinarily, as that obtained when this winding envelops both legs, but it may, however, desirably serve to fulfill certain requirements. Likewise, the output winding 8 instead of enveloping only one leg as in Fig. 1, may envelop both legs as indicated by the coil 8a in Fig. 2. Ordinarily,'however, the results obtained are not as desirable as when the output winding envelops only the leg carrying the bucking winding.

In some cases, instead of providing an additional secondary winding to comprise the output circuit, the output lines may be tapped directly into the bucking winding, in which case this winding serves as an auto-transformer winding for supplying the translating device, or devices. This is illustrated in Fig. 3 where the supply lines are indicated as connected to the bucking winding 6. @bviously, this winding may be tapped at any portion thereof to supply any desired voltage to the consumption circuit. It will also be understood that in any of the other forms indicated in the drawings, the bucking winding could serve to supply the translating devices. ln some cases where this occurs, an additional output winding may beadded to supply a higher or lower voltage to other translating devices; and obviously the output winding, or windings, may be provided with taps to supply difierent voltages as may be desired.

Fig. 4 indicates another relative arrangement of the windings wherein the cumulative winding 4 is shown enveloping both legs asin Fig. 1, but the output winding 8 of Fig. 1 is indicated as a winding'8a enveloping both legs. It would be advantageous in practice to cause this winding 80!. to be made in two coils connected in series, as already explained with reference to the winding 4.

Fig. 5 indicates another embodiment of my invention which is similar to Fig. 4, ex-

cept an additional cumulative winding 10 as indicated on the leg 1?) which is in series with the bucking winding 6 across the source 7, the main exciting winding 3 being in series with a portion of the bucking winding 6. This cumulative winding is disclosed in my prior applications Serial Number 306,259, filed September 15, 1928, and Serial Number 344,333, filed March 5, 1929, and ordinarily is not necessary when the cumulatively exciting winding 4 is used, but in some cases may be advantageously added Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 5, except that a common winding 11 serves both as the output winding and as the cumulatively exciting winding 4, the circuit of the winding 11 being adjusted to have a leading current and tuned broadly by use of the resistance 55 and the other device or devices, connected in series across the winding 1]. and in shunt with the load 9. This form of construction is capable of being used when the voltage of the output circuit and that required of the tuned circuit are about the same.

The broad band tuning of the resonant circuit may be accomplished by the use of any suitable means, or devices, and it is also evident that the invention may be embodied in various forms of construction of core, as already referred to, and in various relationships and locations of the windings without departing from the scope thereof.

1 claim:

1. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, and means for broadly tuning the circuit of said. third Winding.

2. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named Winding, a third'winding on said core, and means for tuning the circuit of said third winding to be resonant over the range of frequency of the supply current.

3. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third Winding on said core, means for broadly'tuning the circuit of said third winding, and an outputwinding on said core subjectedto resultant magnetic eii'ects. r

4. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named Winding, a third winding on said core, means for tuning the circuit of said third winding to be resonant over the range of frequency of the supply current, and

an output winding on said core subjected to resultant magnetic effects.

5. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current narrates portion of said core acting in opposition to a said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, and means in the circuit of said third winding for causing a leading current to be induced therein and for broadly tuning the circuit of said third winding.

6. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third, winding on said core, and means in the circuit of said third Winding for causing a leading current to be induced therein and for tuning the circuit of said third winding to be resonant over the range of frequency of the supply current.

7. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core. a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, means in the circuit of said third Winding for causing a leading current to be induced therein and for tuning the circuit of said third winding to be resonant over the range of frequency of the supply current, and an output winding on said core subjected to resultant magnetic effects.

8. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, and means for broadly tuning the circuit of said third winding. said portion of the core enveloped by said second winding being below saturation.

9. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alterhating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, means for tuning the circuit of said third winding to be resonant over the range of frequency of the supply current, and an output winding on said core subjected to resultant magnetic efiects, said portion of the core enveloped by said second winding being below saturation: l

10. Alternatingcurrent controlling apparat-us'comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on an other portion of saidcore acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third wlndlng on sald core, and means forbroadly tuning the circuit of said third winding, a

7 winding being normally near saturation.

11. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a "third winding on said core, and means for broadly tuning the circuit of said third winding, said portion of the core enveloped by said second winding being below saturation and a portion of said core enveloped by said third winding being normally near saturation.

12. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, and means in the circuit of said third winding for causing a leading current to be induced therein and for broadly tuning the circuit of said third winding, said portion of the core enveloped by said second winding being below saturation.

13. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named Winding, a third winding on said core, and means in the circuit of said third winding for causing a leading current to be induced therein and for tuning the circuit of said third winding to be resonant over the range of frequency of the supply current, said portion of the core enveloped by said second winding being below saturation and a portion of the core enveloped by said third winding being normally near saturation.

14. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding on said core, and means for broadly tuning the circuit of said third winding, said first-named winding being in series with at least a portion of said second-named winding. v

15. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, a main alternating current exciting Winding embracing a portion of said core, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing another portion of said core and acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding embracing at least another portion of said core, means in the circuit of said third winding to cause a leading current to be induced therein and for tunin said circuit to be resonant over the range of equency of the supply current,

and an output winding subjected to the com-: bined magnetic effects,

16. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, a main alternating current exciting Winding embracing a portion of said core, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing another portion of said core and acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding embracing at least another portion of said core, means in the circuit of said third winding to cause a leading current to be induced therein and for tuning said circuit to be resonant over the range of frequency or the supply current, and an output winding subjected to the combined magnetic efiects, said firstnamed winding being in series with at least a portion or said second-named winding 17. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a core, a main alternating current exciting winding embracing a portion of said core, a second alternating current exciting winding embracing another portion of said core and acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third winding embracing at least another portion of said core, means in the circuit of said third winding to cause a leading current to be induced therein and for tuning said circuit to be resonant over the range of frequency of the supply current, and an output winding subjected to the combined magnetic effects, said firstnamed winding being in series with at least a portion of said second-named winding, said portion of the core enveloped by said secondnamed winding being below saturation.

HARUUTIUN K. KQUYUUMJIAN. 

